krent,[167] and Sandra Steingraber, food critics Ruth Reichl and Gael Greene, novelists Brett Ellen Block, Elizabeth Kostova, Marge Piercy,[167] Brad Meltzer,[167] Betty Smith,[167] and Charles Major, screenwriter Judith Guest,[167] Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Theodore Roethke, National Book Award winners Keith Waldrop and Jesmyn Ward, composer/author/puppeteer Forman Brown, and Alireza Jafarzadeh (a Middle East analyst, author, and TV commentator). In Hollywood, famous alum

ents from a booster during the 1990s. This led to the program being placed on probation for a four-year period. The program also voluntarily vacated victories from its 1992–1993 and 1995–1999 seasons in which the payments took place, as well as its 1992 and 1993 Final Four appearances.[157]
Through the 2008 Summer Oarsity" was written in 1911 because the line "champions of the West" was no longer appropriate.[164] In 2011, the Band Pop Evil wrote and recorded a rock and roll anthem for the Wolverines called "In the Big House."[165]
Alumni[edit]

Main article: List of University of Michigan alumni
In addition to the late U.S. president Gerald Ford, the university has produced twenty-six Rhodes Scholars. As of 2012, the university has almost 500,000 living alumni.[166]
More than 250 Michigan graduates have served as legislators as either United States Senator (40 graduates) or as a Congressional representative (over 200 graduates), including former House Minority Leader Dick Gephardt[167] and U.S. Representative Justin Amash, who represents Michigan's Third Congressional District.[168] Mike Duggan, Mayor-elect of Detroit, earned his bachelor and law degree at Michigan, while Michigan Governor Rick Snyder earned his bachelor, M.B.A., and J.D. degrees from Michigan. U-M's contributions to aeronautics include aircraft designer Clarence "Kelly" Johnson of Lockheed Skunk Works fame,[169] Lockheed president Willis Hawkins, and several astronauts including the all-U-M crew of Gemini 4[170] and the all-Michigan crew of Apollo 15.[171] U-M counts among its matriculants nineteen billionaires and prominent company founders and co-founders including Google co-founder Larry Page[172] and Dr. J. Robert Beyster who founded Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) in 1969.[173] Several U-M graduates contributed greatly to the field of computer science, including Claude Shannon (who made major contributions to the mathematics of information theory),[174] and Turing Award winners Edgar Codd, Stephen Cook, and Frances E. Allen. Marjorie Lee Browne received her M.S. in 1939 and her doctoral degree in 1950, becoming the third African American woman to earn a PhD in mathematics.[175][176]
Notable writers who attended U-M include playwright Arthur Miller,[167] essayists Susan Orlean[167] and Sven Birkerts, journalists and editors Mike Wallace,[167] Jonathan Chait of The New Republic, Daniel Okrent,[167] and Sandra Steingraber, food critics Ruth Reichl and Gael Greene, novelists Brett Ellen Block, Elizabeth Kostova, Marge Piercy,[167] Brad Meltzer,[167] Betty Smith,[167] and Charles Major, screenwriter Judith Guest,[167] Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Theodore Roethke, National Book Award winners Keith Waldrop and Jesmyn Ward, composer/author/puppeteer Forman Brown, and Alireza Jafarzadeh (a Middle East analyst, author, and TV commentator).
In Hollywood, famous alumni include actors James Earl Jones,[167] David Alan Grier,[167] actresses Lucy Liu[167] and Selma Blair,[167] and filmmaker Lawrence Kasdan.[167] Many Broadway and musical theatre actors, including Gavin Creel,[167] Andrew Keenan-Bolger, and his sister Celia Keenan-Bolger attended U-M for musical theatre. The creators of A Very Potter Musical, known as StarKid Productions, also graduated from the University of Michigan. A member of Starkid, actor and singer Darren Criss, is a series regular on the television series Glee.
Musical graduates include operatic soprano Jessye Norman,[167] singer Joe Dassin, jazz guitarist Randy Napoleon, and Mannheim Steamroller founder Chip Davis.[167] Classical composer Frank Ticheli and Broadway composer Andrew Lippa attended. Pop Superstar Madonna[167] and rock legend Iggy Pop[167] attended but did not graduate.
Other U-M graduates include Donald Kohn (past Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), Temel Kotil (president and CEO of Turkish Airlines), current Dean of Harvard Law School Martha Minow, assisted-suicide advocate Dr. Jack Kevorkian,[167] Weather Underground radical activist Bill Ayers,[177] activist Tom Hayden,[167] architect Charles Moore,[178] Rensis Likert (a sociologist who specialized in management styles and developed the Likert scale), the Swedish Holocaust hero Raoul Wallenberg,[179] and Benjamin D. Pritchard (the Civil War general who captured Jefferson Davis).[180] Neurosurgeon and CNN chief medical correspondent Sanjay Gupta attended both college and medical school at U-M.[181] Clarence Darrow attended law school at U-M at a time when many lawyers did not receive any formal education.[167] Frank Murphy, who was mayor of Detrolympic G